interface keypad

How to interface keypad with AVR microcontroller (ATmega16)

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Keypad is most widely used input device to provide input from the outside world to the microcontroller. The keypad makes an application more users interactive.  The concept of interfacing a keypad with the ATmega16 is similar to interfacing it with any other microcontroller. The article of Interfacing keypad with 8051 can be referred for detailed description of the methodology used […]

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interface LED

How to interface LED with AVR Microcontroller (ATmega16)

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ATmega16 has 32 I/O pins to communicate with external devices.  Before interfacing with external devices, these pins must be cofigured as input or output pin. This article demonstrates the basic I/O operation of ATmega 16 using LEDs. All the four ports can be configured to read an input from some external device or to give output to

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External Hardware Interrupts

How to use External (Hardware) Interrupts of AVR Microcontroller (ATmega16)

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This article introduces the concept of interrupts and the different types of interrupts in AVR Microcontroller (ATmega16). Interrupt as the name suggests, interrupts the current routine of the microcontroller. Microcontroller executes instructions in a sequence as per the programs. Sometimes there may be a need of handling planned and higher priority events instantaneously that might occur during the

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Waveform Generation

Waveform Generation using AVR Microcontroller (Atmega16) Timers

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At times we come across applications or situations wherein we need to generate square waves with the microcontroller. The square wave can be generated by programming a pin which toggles between 0 and 1 with a certain time delay. Alternatively, the inbuilt feature of AVR timers can be used in square wave generation. The advantage of

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SPI serial peripheral interface

SPI (serial peripheral interface) using AVR microcontroller (ATmega16)

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There are different protocols for serial communication between two deceives like, USART, SPI, I2C etc. Before selecting any communication protocol, data transfer rate is an important parameter. SPI transfers data at high speed data. AVR microcontroller contains on chip SPI interface. This article will explore the hardware configuration and programming of SPI. Serial Peripheral Interface is a synchronous, full-duplex protocol.

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JTAG

How to disable JTAG of AVR microcontroller using Atmega

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JTAG stands for “Joint Test Action Group” which was standardized as the IEEE 1149.1 Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture in 1990. JTAG is generally used in IC debugging and device programming. Atmega16 consists of one JTAG port which shares four pins with PORTC. Until JTAG port is not disabled, these pins can’t be used as normal I/O pins.

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inbuilt analog comparator

How to use inbuilt analog comparator of AVR microcontroller using atmega

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Analog comparator is a device which compares two input voltages and generates output accordingly. The article on IR sensor explains the use of comparator in sensor designing. Comparators form an integral part of circuit designing in majority of the applications.  AVR microcontrollers have in-built analog comparator. Using the in-built analog comparator of AVR, the controller can

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internal ADC

How to use internal ADC of AVR microcontroller using interrupts using atmega

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singThis article is in continuation to AVR interrupts. There are two types of interrupts external and internal in AVR microcontroller. The aforesaid article covers external interrupts. AVR microcontrollers have seventeen internal interrupts. These internal interrupts are generated by the internal peripherals of Microcontroller like Timer, ADC etc. The internal interrupts are used for efficient operation of the internal peripherals.

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RFID interfacing using interrupts

RFID interfacing with AVR microcontroller (ATmega16) using interrupts

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This article covers how to extract and display the twelve byte unique tag ID received by RFID module on LCD using interrupt method. Before proceeding to this article readers must have knowledge of serial interrupt and LCD. In the previous article of RFID, polling method was used where the microcontroller was continuously monitoring the RXC flag. Keeping the microcontroller busy in monitoring the

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interface RFID

How to interface RFID with AVR microcontroller (ATmega16)

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Knowingly or unknowingly the RFID technology is used by us in our day to day life. The most familiar example is seen in MNCs, schools and offices for daily attendance or automatic door opening system. The RFID contains two parts, namely, tag and receiver modem. When an RFID tag comes in the range of receiver, the tag gets

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